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Ferranti or Ferranti International plc was a UK electrical engineering and equipment firm that operated for over a century from until it went bankrupt in The company was once a constituent of the FTSE Index. The firm was known for work in the area of power grid systems and defence electronics, dissertation bound manchester.
In addition, in Ferranti began selling an early computer, the Ferranti Mark 1. The Belgian subsidiary lives on as Ferranti Computer Systems and as of is part of the Nijkerk Holding. Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti established his first business Ferranti, Thompson and Ince in Ferranti focused on alternating current power distribution early on, and was one of the few UK experts.
To avoid confusion, he is often referred to as Dr Ferranti to distinguish him from the Ferranti company itself. In Dr Ferranti established a new business, with Francis Ince and Charles Sparks as partners, known as S. de Ferranti. Despite being a prime exponent of Alternating Current, Ferranti became an important supplier to many electric utility firms and power-distribution companies for dissertation bound manchester AC and DC meters.
He designed the building, the generating plant and the distribution system and on its completion in Octoberit was the first truly modern power station. It supplied high-voltage AC power at 10, volts, which was transformed to a lower voltage for consumer use where required. Success followed and Ferranti started producing electrical equipment especially transformers for sale. Soon the company was looking for considerably more manufacturing space.
Land prices in the London area were too high, so the company moved to Hollinwood in Oldham in de Ferranti Ltd and raise equity, but failed to impress potential new investors as it was still dominated by family ownership. Over-optimistic market projections in the boom of —, declining revenues and liquidity problems, forced the company bankers Parrs to send the company into receivership in He spent much of this period working in partnership with the likes of J P Coats of Paisley on cotton spinning machinery and Vickers on re-superheating turbines, dissertation bound manchester.
Through the early part of the century power was supplied by small companies, typically as an offshoot of plant set up to provide power to local industry. Each plant supplied a different standard, dissertation bound manchester, which made the mass production of domestic electrical equipment inefficient. InDr Ferranti made a presidential speech to the IEE addressing this issue, but it would be another sixteen years before the commencement of the National Grid in Inin a move driven by A B Anderson, the Ferranti Managing Director, Ferranti formed a company in Canada, Ferranti Electricto exploit the overseas meter market.
But intwo significant events happened, Anderson drowned on his return from Canada in the Empress of Ireland sinking and the outbreak of WWI signalled an opportunity for Dr Ferranti to once again get involved in day-to-day events in the company.
As a result of this work Ferranti were in a healthier financial position at the end of the war. Dr Ferranti's son Vincent joined the transformer department as manager in and was instrumental in expanding the work started by his father. After the death of Dr Ferranti indissertation bound manchester, he became the chairman and chief executive. Production of clocks ended in and other product lines phased out in [6] Ferranti Instruments, based at Moston, developed various items dissertation bound manchester scientific measurements, including dissertation bound manchester of the first cone and plate viscometers.
Ferranti built a new power transformer works at Hollinwood in the mid s at a time when there was growth in the power supply distribution industry. ByFerranti had become an important supplier to the defence industry, but its power transformer division was making losses, dissertation bound manchester, creating acute financial problems.
During World War II, Ferranti became a major supplier of electronics, dissertation bound manchester, fuzesvalvesand was, through development of the Identification Friend or Foe IFF system, heavily involved in the early development of radar in the United Kingdom. Indissertation bound manchester, Ferranti opened a factory at Crewe Toll in Edinburgh to manufacture gyro gunsights for the Spitfire aircraft.
Later products included solid state ring laser gyros. FromFerranti-Packard assisted the Royal Canadian Navy develop DATAR Digital Automated Tracking and Resolving. DATAR was a pioneering computerized battlefield information dissertation bound manchester that combined radar and sonar information to provide commanders with an "overall view" of a battlefield, allowing them to coordinate attacks on submarines and aircraft.
In the s, work focused on the development of airborne radar, with the company subsequently supplying radars to most of the UK's fast jet and helicopter fleets. leads the consortium providing the Euroradar CAPTOR radar for the Eurofighter Typhoon.
In the s and s, inertial navigation systems became an important product line for the company with systems designed for fast jet Harrier, Phantom, Tornadospace and land applications. In addition to their other military and civil applications, they were used in the ESA Ariane 4 and first Ariane 5 launches. Ferranti also produced the PADS Position and Azimuth Determining Systeman inertial navigation system which could be mounted in a vehicle and was used by the British Army.
With the invention of the laser in the s, the company quickly established itself in the electro-optics arena. From the early s, it was delivering the Laser Rangefinder and Marked Target Seeker LRMTS for the Jaguar and Harrier fleets, and later for Tornado. Its TIALD Pod Thermal Imaging Airborne Laser Designator has been in almost constant combat operation on the Tornado since it dissertation bound manchester rushed into service during the first Gulf War. From the s through to the late s, the Bristol Ferranti Bloodhound SAMfor which Ferranti developed radar systems, was a key money earner.
InFerranti became involved in the sonar field through dissertation bound manchester involvement with Plessey in a new series of sonars, for which it designed and built the computer subsystems, dissertation bound manchester.
This work later expanded when it won a contract for the complete Sonar The work was originally carried out at the Wythenshawe factory and then at Cheadle Heath. Takeovers of other companies dissertation bound manchester it expertise in sonar arrays.
This business later became Ferranti Thomson Sonar Systems. The selection of the radar for the project that became the Eurofighter Typhoon became a major international issue in the early s. Britain, Italy, and Spain supported the Ferranti-led ECRwhile Germany preferred the MSD a collaboration between HughesAEG and GEC.
An agreement was reached after UK Defence Secretary Tom King assured his German counterpart Gerhard Stoltenberg that the British government would underwrite the dissertation bound manchester and allow GEC to acquire Ferranti Defence Systems from its troubled parent. and had the companies, which were bound by the Collaboration Agreement, faithfully and diligently performed their continuing obligations thereunder to press and dissertation bound manchester the case for MSD The company began marketing optical position measuring equipment for machine tools in In the late s there were several sections of the company involved in non-military areas.
These included microwave communications equipment Ferranti Communicationsand petrol gas station pumps Ferranti Autocourt. Both of these departments were based at DalkeithScotland. In the late s Ferranti joined with various university-based research groups to develop computers. Their first effort was the Ferranti Mark 1completed in[2] with about nine delivered between and The Pegasus introduced in was their most popular valve vacuum tube system, [21] with 38 units sold.
CircaIvan Idelson, at Ferranti, originated the Cluff—Foster—Idelson coding of characters on 7-track paper tape for a BSI dissertation bound manchester. In collaboration dissertation bound manchester the Victoria University of Manchester they built a new version of the famous Mark 1 that replaced valve diodes with solid state versions, which allowed the speed to be increased dramatically as well as increasing reliability.
Although a small part of Ferranti's empire, the computer division was nevertheless highly visible and operated out of a former steam locomotive factory dissertation bound manchester West Gorton. Work on a completely new design, the Atlas[21] started soon after the delivery of the Mercury, aiming to dramatically improve performance.
Ferranti continued their collaboration with the University of Dissertation bound manchester, and Plessey Co. The dissertation bound manchester generation supercomputer first ran in December Eventually six machines were built, one of which was a stripped-down version that was modified for the needs of the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory ; the Titan or Atlas 2 was the mainstay of scientific computing in Cambridge for nearly 8 years.
Atlas was the first computer in the world to implement virtual memory. By the early s their mid-size machines were no longer competitive, but efforts to design a replacement were bogged down. Into this void stepped the Canadian division, Ferranti-Packarddissertation bound manchester, who had used several of the ideas under development in England to very quickly produce the Ferranti-Packard Eventually it was merged into International Computers and Tabulators ICT inbecoming the Large Systems Division of ICL in After studying several options, ICT selected the FP as the basis for their ICT series line which sold into the s.
The deal setting up ICT excluded Ferranti from the commercial sector of computing, but left the industrial field free. Some of the technology of the FP was later used in its Ferranti Argus range of industrial computers which were developed in its Wythenshawe factory, dissertation bound manchester.
The first of these, simply Arguswas initially developed for military use. Meanwhile, in Bracknell the Digital Systems Division was developing a range of mainframe computers for naval applications. Early computers using discrete transistors were the Hermes and Poseidon and these were followed by the F in the mid s.
The FMB [26] was the first of the range to use integrated circuits and was used in many naval and commercial applications. The FMD was a single- rack version of the computer for smaller systems. An airborne version of this was also made and used aboard the RAF Nimrod. Ferranti had been involved in the production of electronic devices, including radio valvescathode-ray tubes and germanium semiconductors for some time before it became the first Dissertation bound manchester company to produce a silicon diodein In they launched the ZNa single-chip AM radio integrated circuit in a 3-pin package.
Ferranti Semiconductor Ltd. went on to produce a range of silicon bipolar devices, including, inthe Ferranti FLan early bit microprocessor with bit addressing.
Ferranti's ZTX series bipolar transistors gave their name to the inheritor of Ferranti Semiconductor's discrete semiconductor business, Zetex Semiconductors plc.
In the early s, Ferranti produced some of the first large uncommitted logic arrays ULAsdissertation bound manchester, used in home computers such as the Sinclair ZX81Sinclair ZX SpectrumAcorn Electron and BBC Micro. The microelectronics business was sold to Plessey in In Ferranti purchased International Signal and Control ISCdissertation bound manchester, a United States defence contractor based in Pennsylvania. and restructured the combined business into the following divisions: Ferranti Computer Systems, Ferranti Defence Systems, Ferranti Dynamics, Ferranti Satcomms, Ferranti Telecoms, dissertation bound manchester, Ferranti Technologies dissertation bound manchester International Signal and Control.
Unknown to Ferranti, ISC's business primarily consisted of illegal arms sales started at the behest of various US clandestine organizations. On paper the company looked to be extremely profitable on sales of high-priced "above board" items, but these profits were essentially non-existent. With the sale to Ferranti all illegal sales ended immediately, leaving the company with no obvious cash flow. In the UK's Serious Fraud Office started criminal investigation regarding alleged massive fraud at ISC.
In December James Guerin, founder of ISC and co-Chairman of the merged company, pleaded guilty before the federal court in Philadelphia to fraud committed both in the US and UK. All offences which would have formed part of any UK prosecution were encompassed by the US trial and as such no UK trial proceeded. The financial and legal difficulties that resulted forced Ferranti into bankruptcy in December The company had factories in Greater Manchester at HollinwoodMostonChadderton Gem MillWaterhead Cairo MillDerkerWythenshawe dissertation bound manchester, Cheadle HeathWest Gortonand Dissertation bound manchester. Eventually it set up branch-plants in Edinburgh Silverknowes, Crewe Toll, Gyle, Granton and Robertson Avenue factories, plus its own hangar facility at Turnhouse AirportDalkeithdissertation bound manchester, AberdeenDundeeKinbuck near Dunblanedissertation bound manchester, BracknellBarrow in Furness and Cwmbran as well as Germany and the United States inc.
Ferranti International Controls Corporation in Sugar Land, Texas and several British Commonwealth countries including CanadaAustralia and Singapore.
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Business Law Case Studies Examples. Business laws broadly govern the areas of commercial transactions, sales, mortgages, contracts, bankruptcies, etc. Business law case studies involve a dispute between two legal entities regarding such blogger.com students of law schools are given such situations of dispute in order to come up with possible legal solutions From the reviews: "The Queen guitarist Brian May has achieved a new milestone: he has published his PhD thesis in astronomy. Entitled A Survey of Radial Velocities in the Zodiacal Dust Cloud, his thesis analyses what happens to the dust particles left over from the formation of the solar system about billion years ago. The House of Lords held that there was no concluded contract and the defendant was not legally bound to sell the property, as the council’s letter did not state the price and was not an offer but an invitation to treat. Gibson v Manchester City Council [] 1 WLR Law Dissertation Writing Service. From £ Law Assignment
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